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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and
- Vietnam
- Map references:
- Southeast Asia
- Area:
- total area:
- 181,040 sq km
- land area:
- 176,520 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than Oklahoma
- Land boundaries:
- total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
- Coastline:
- 443 km
- Maritime claims:
- contiguous zone:
- 24 nm
- continental shelf:
- 200 nm
- exclusive economic zone:
- 200 nm
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute;
- maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in
- dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined
- Climate:
- tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to
- April); little seasonal temperature variation
- Terrain:
- mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
- Natural resources:
- timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower
- potential
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 16%
- permanent crops:
- 1%
- meadows and pastures:
- 3%
- forest and woodland:
- 76%
- other:
- 4%
- Irrigated land:
- 920 sq km (1989 est.)
- Environment:
- current issues:
- logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the
- western region along the border with Thailand are resulting in habitat loss
- and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps
- threatens natural fisheries); deforestation; soil erosion; in rural areas, a
- majority of the population does not have access to potable water
- natural hazards:
- monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Geography
- international agreements:
- party to - Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution; signed, but not
- ratified - Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine
- Dumping
- Note:
- a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 10,561,373 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 46% (female 2,367,414; male 2,438,104)
- 15-64 years:
- 51% (female 2,932,788; male 2,494,203)
- 65 years and over:
- 3% (female 185,337; male 143,527) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 2.83% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 44.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 16.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 109.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 49.46 years
- male:
- 48 years
- female:
- 51 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 5.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Cambodian(s)
- adjective:
- Cambodian
- Ethnic divisions:
- Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
- Religions:
- Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%
- Languages:
- Khmer (official), French
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
- total population:
- 35%
- male:
- 48%
- female:
- 22%
- Labor force:
- 2.5 million to 3 million
- by occupation:
- agriculture 80% (1988 est.)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Kingdom of Cambodia
- conventional short form:
- Cambodia
- local long form:
- Reacheanachak Kampuchea
- local short form:
- Kampuchea
- Digraph:
- CB
- Type:
- multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in
- September 1993
- Capital:
- Phnom Penh
- Administrative divisions:
- 21 provinces (khet, singular and plural); Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang,
- Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal,
- Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey
- Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Sihanoukville, Stoeng Treng, Svay
- Rieng, Takev
- note:
- Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey may have been divided into two provinces named
- Siemreab and Otdar Meanchey
- Independence:
- 9 November 1949 (from France)
- National holiday:
- Independence Day, 9 November 1949
- Constitution:
- promulgated September 1993
- Legal system:
- currently being defined
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)
- head of government:
- power shared between First Prime Minister Prince Norodom RANARIDDH and
- Second Prime Minister HUN SEN
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral; a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional
- representation within each province was established following the
- UN-supervised election in May 1993; the constituent assembly was transformed
- into a legislature in September 1993 after delegates promulgated the
- constitution
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court provided for by the constitution has not yet been established
- and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law
- Political parties and leaders:
- National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative
- Cambodia (FUNCINPEC), Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Cambodian Pracheachon Party
- or Cambodian People's Party (CPP), CHEA SIM; Buddhist Liberal Democratic
- Party, SON SANN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge),
- KHIEU SAMPHAN; Molinaka, PROM NEAKAREACH
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Government
- Member of:
- ACCT, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS,
- ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN,
- UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- Ambassador SISOWATH SIRIRATH represents Cambodia at the United Nations
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Charles H. TWINING
- embassy:
- 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh
- mailing address:
- Box P, APO AP 96546
- telephone:
- [855] (23) 26436, 26438
- FAX:
- [855] (23) 26437
- Flag:
- horizontal band of red separates two equal horizontal bands of blue with a
- white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly
- recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and
- monetary discipline and have established good working relations with
- international financial institutions. Growth, starting from a low base, has
- been strong in 1991-94. Despite such positive developments, the
- reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges because of the persistence
- of internal political divisions and the related lack of confidence of
- foreign investors. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of about 9.5 million Khmer
- live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic
- infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will
- contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas
- over the near term. Moreover, the government's lack of experience in
- administering economic and technical assistance programs and rampant
- corruption among officials will slow the growth of critical public sector
- investment. Inflation for 1994 as a whole was less than a quarter of the
- 1992 rate and was declining during the year.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 5% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $630 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 26%-30% (1994 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- NA%
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $190 million
- expenditures:
- $365 million, including capital expenditures of $120 million (1994 est.)
- Exports:
- $283.6 million (f.o.b., 1993)
- commodities:
- timber, rubber, soybeans, sesame
- partners:
- Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia
- Imports:
- $479.3 million (c.i.f., 1993)
- commodities:
- cigarettes, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery
- partners:
- Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia
- External debt:
- $383 million to OECD members (1993)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 7.9% (1993 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 40,000 kW
- production:
- 160 million kWh
- consumption per capita:
- 14 kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Economy
- Agriculture:
- mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice,
- rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products,
- sugar, flour
- Illicit drugs:
- increasingly used as a transshipment country for heroin produced in the
- Golden Triangle; growing money-laundering center; high-level
- narcotics-related corruption in government; possible small-scale heroin
- production; large producer of cannibis
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US
- countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8
- billion; donor countries and multilateral institutions pledged $880 million
- in assistance in 1992; IMF pledged $120 million in aid for 1995-98
- Currency:
- 1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen
- Exchange rates:
- riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,470 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500
- (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 655 km
- narrow gauge:
- 655 km 1.000-m gauge
- Highways:
- total:
- 34,100 km (some roads in serious disrepair)
- paved:
- bituminous 3,000 km
- unpaved:
- crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth 3,100 km; unimproved earth 28,000
- km
- Inland waterways:
- 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to
- craft drawing 1.8 meters
- Ports:
- Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh
- Merchant marine:
- none
- Airports:
- total:
- 22
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 2
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 2
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 3
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 2
- with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
- 3
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 10
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- NA telephones; service barely adequate for government requirements and
- virtually nonexistent for general public
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- NA
- international:
- international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
- radios:
- NA
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 1
- televisions:
- NA
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Cambodia
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Khmer Royal Armed Forces (KRAF):
- created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the
- two non-Communist resistance armies; note - the KRAF is also known as the
- Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF)
- Resistance forces:
- National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 2,255,050; males fit for military service 1,256,632; males
- reach military age (18) annually 70,707 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $85 million, 1.4% of GDP (1995 est.)
-